The Eureka Stockade free essay sample

Conditions on the gold fields, unfair laws, racism, anti-British attitudes and the miner’s license, played a huge part in causing the Eureka Rebellion to take place. The miners’ eventually grew tired of the unfair laws and living conditions, so they built the Eureka Stockade and gathered firearms, in an attempt to fight for their rights and liberties. During the early morning of December 3rd 1854, the authorities launched an attack on the stockade. The miners’ fought back fervently, but their basic weapons and determination was no match for the military’s vast numbers and fierce weaponry. Even though the revolt itself was a military failure, the miners’ rebellion led to personal and political benefits for many Australians. The Eureka Stockade was a bloody but essential part of Australian history. It played a vital role in the development of democracy and personal identity within Australia. The rebellion was caused by a number of issues within the gold fields. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eureka Stockade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The miners were suffering from a number of injustices. They had no political rights; they were not allowed to vote in elections nor were they entitled to a representative in the Legislative Council, and they were treated unjustly by the blatantly brutal and corrupt government officials. However, their main grievance was the excessive and overpriced gold mining license, which cost thirty shillings each month to renew. Most of the miners’ found it nearly impossible to pay the ridiculously priced mining fee and still meet the cost of living, on the scarce and barely sufficient amount of money they had. The miners’ were required to carry their licenses with them at all times, if they were found without their license they could be fined or imprisoned. The dreaded â€Å"License Hunts† were soon brought in. License Hunts gave police the liberty to check a miner’s license at random. Those found without a license were liable to severe fines and unjust imprisonment and punishment. Most of the police were unsatisfactory, as many of them were ex-convicts and guards; because of this many of the officers were inclined to violence and brutality during a License Hunt. The officers’ brutality and unjust behaviour further infuriated the miners and made the Ballarat Gold-Fields’ police subject to much hatred. Corrupt Officialdom was a heady problem on the gold fields. In one instance, a group of men beat a drunken Scottish digger to death, the group included local publican James Bentley. James was a friend of the local magistrate; because of this he and the other three men escaped persecution. The miners were appalled. A group of three miners went to Bentley’s hotel and burnt it to the ground in defiance. It was not too soon after that the men were charged with arson. On the 11th of November 1854, ten thousand miners met to demand the release of the three men, the right for all males to vote and the abolition of the miners license; this meeting led to the formation of the Ballarat Reform League. Several of the Reform League leaders had also been involved with the Chartist movement in England. On the 29th of November of that same year, twelve thousand people at Bakery Hill watched as the Southern Cross flag, otherwise known as the Eureka Flag, was unveiled for the first time. The flag became the symbol of their struggle; the miners burned their licenses and fired shots into the air under the flag in an act of triumph and defiance. The next day, under the governance of an Irishman, Peter Lalor, a smaller but determined group swore the oath under the Eureka flag. â€Å"We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties† – The Miners Oath The small group of miners, marched to the Eureka Lead and forged wooden barricades, to form what is now famously known as the Eureka Stockade. The uthorities, despising the miners’ rebellion, called in reinforcements from Melbourne and prepared their attack. After two days of leaving the miners unharmed in their stockade, heavily armed soldiers and police attacked the stockade on Sunday the 3rd of December 1854. The miners were unprepared and caught off guard; they fought with determination and courage, but were outnumbered and outgunned. Although th e miners lost the battle, ultimately the war was won. Twenty-Two of the miners were left dead, and a further 125 miners were taken prisoner, many being severely wounded. The authorities only suffered from six casualties, being police officers and troopers. An estimation of 120 miners were arrested after the Stockade, many of them being innocent. However, thirteen of them were charged with High Treason, despite the evidence against them, not a single one of the miners were found guilty. Peter Lalor, the leader of the revolt, and a few other men from the rebellion, managed to escape the scene. Lalor’s left arm which was badly wounded from gunshot wounds was eventually amputated. When Hotham’s Royal Commission Report was finally handed down it assessed all aspects of the administration on the gold fields. The report made several major recommendations including the abolition of the miners license, cuts on the amount of police, the replacement of gold commissioners and the restriction on Chinese immigration. According to Blainey, It was perhaps the most generous concession offered by a governor to a major opponent in the history of Australia up to that time. The members of the commission were appointed before Eureka they were men who were likely to be sympathetic to the diggers. Peter Lalor and the other rebels, who had escaped from the Stockade, came out of hiding after a general amnesty was proclaimed on the 9th of May 1855. Lalor then wrote a statement to the Colonists of Victoria stating, There are two things connected with the late outbreak (The Eureka Stockade) which I deeply regret. The first is, that we shouldn’t have been forced to take up arms at all; and the second is, that when we were compelled to take the field in our own defence, we were unable (through want of arms, ammunition and a little organisation) to inflict on the real authors of the outbreak the punishment they so richly deserved. In 1855 Lalor had become the first Member of the Legislative Council, for the seat of Ballarat. The miners in Ballarat were given eight representatives in Parliament. During one of Lalor’s speeches in the Legislative Council in 1856 he said, I would ask these gentlemen what they mean by the term democracy. Do they mean Chartism or Republicanism? If so, I never was, I am not now, nor do I ever intend to be a democrat. But if a democrat means opposition to a tyrannical press, a tyrannical people, or a tyrannical government, then I have been, I am still, and will ever remain a democrat. Lalor was later elected to the New Legislative Assembly in1856, and then went on to be elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1880. The Eureka Stockade influenced Australia greatly. Even though the short term benefits of Eureka were only mildly beneficial, the long term results have drastically changed and shaped Australia. The Eureka Stockade was the foundation stone of democracy in Australia, with some even arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka. Eureka also saw the beginning of Australia becoming its own, independent nation, without having strong ties to the British. It gave many ordinary, working-class peoples the same rights as those who were born in to wealth and power.

Free Essays on Significance Of Nature In The World

A strong connection to nature brings physical health, mental creativity spiritual fulfillment and personal growth without the corruption of the material possessions that society offers. Somewhere along the way, humanity lost focus and started to build things while disregarding nature. Humanity got busy, and we marveled at our ability to create. People lost what is really important in life, and that is nature. Thoreau’s stance on nature was astonishing and self righteous. Nature was a big part of his life. It was his main journey that he continued to take everyday of his life. He considered it to be healthy, enjoyable and relaxing. He writes â€Å"A man’s health requires many acres of meadow to his prospect as a farm does loads of muck† He believes that being surrounded by the wilderness refreshes his soul. Society can be so chaotic and it ruins nature’s beauty. When he walks around the woods he clears his head from society’s duties and becomes one with nature; he can be his true self. Thoreau’s biggest opinion was to keep society where it is, and as far away and separate from the woods. Industries were expanding and science and technology were growing and that pleased him to a certain extent but he didn’t feel that minimizing the wilderness was beneficial. He writes â€Å"Man and his affair’s, church and state and school, trad e and commerce and manufactures and agriculture, even politics, the most alarming of them all, - I am pleased to see how little space they occupy in the landscape†.( pg 184) He considered the woods to be his home. He felt comfortable there and the cold and solitude became his friends, to him nothing was more important than taking time to walk along in the woods. He writes â€Å"Life consists with wilderness. The most alive is the wildest. Net yet subdued by man, its presence refreshes him. Thoreau believed that a person could find the spirit of nature in his own backyard and wilderness was ... Free Essays on Significance Of Nature In The World Free Essays on Significance Of Nature In The World A strong connection to nature brings physical health, mental creativity spiritual fulfillment and personal growth without the corruption of the material possessions that society offers. Somewhere along the way, humanity lost focus and started to build things while disregarding nature. Humanity got busy, and we marveled at our ability to create. People lost what is really important in life, and that is nature. Thoreau’s stance on nature was astonishing and self righteous. Nature was a big part of his life. It was his main journey that he continued to take everyday of his life. He considered it to be healthy, enjoyable and relaxing. He writes â€Å"A man’s health requires many acres of meadow to his prospect as a farm does loads of muck† He believes that being surrounded by the wilderness refreshes his soul. Society can be so chaotic and it ruins nature’s beauty. When he walks around the woods he clears his head from society’s duties and becomes one with nature; he can be his true self. Thoreau’s biggest opinion was to keep society where it is, and as far away and separate from the woods. Industries were expanding and science and technology were growing and that pleased him to a certain extent but he didn’t feel that minimizing the wilderness was beneficial. He writes â€Å"Man and his affair’s, church and state and school, trad e and commerce and manufactures and agriculture, even politics, the most alarming of them all, - I am pleased to see how little space they occupy in the landscape†.( pg 184) He considered the woods to be his home. He felt comfortable there and the cold and solitude became his friends, to him nothing was more important than taking time to walk along in the woods. He writes â€Å"Life consists with wilderness. The most alive is the wildest. Net yet subdued by man, its presence refreshes him. Thoreau believed that a person could find the spirit of nature in his own backyard and wilderness was ...

Concept of accountaibility & how it can be strengthened in world Essay

Concept of accountaibility & how it can be strengthened in world pilitics - Essay Example Individuals who are in positions of power that affect world politics should have a higher level of accountability than local politicians due to the possible ramifications. A need for strengthened accountability is needed in their volatile political atmosphere. By applying the need for increased accountability in organizations that influence world politics is important in many aspects. Without being held to task for what they are doing, there is a possibility of personal beliefs and unknown alliances to influence the results. If this occurs, there could be detrimental consequences for all of those involved. To explain how accountability is better used, a supranational organization will be examined by how accountability is used currently and how it could be better used. Supranational organization means that an organization is above one nation, either by the span of their operations or because of where the leaders are located. A great example of this is during the current conflict the United States government in attempts to save money and decrease troop levels began to hire private corporations to act as paramilitary forces in both Iraq and Afghanistan. One corporation that has been in the news off and on since the beginning of the United States involvement in Iraqi conflict was what is currently known as Academi. Academi has been previously known as Xe Services LLC, Blackwater USA, and Blackwater Worldwide. According to the United States government, Academi has provided private military security, diplomatic security, logistics, airlift, and transportation to the United States government. In addition to providing the national government, Academi has assisted state governments with security. (Burns, 2007) To make matters worse, those in control of Academi have contracts assisting foreign countries, such as Japan. (Shachtman, 2007) Due to their conduct, the country of Iraq has banned Academi

Investment proposal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment proposal report - Essay Example Contextually, the mission of this particular business will be to operate with the deliverance of high quality products and services to the customers so that it can ensure maximum productivity that further shall ascertain the growth of the business. The business will also take into consideration the interests of the stakeholders while framing its strategies. The business idea, which will be focused in this context, will be multi-cuisine restaurant. A multi-cuisine restaurant is a particular sort of restaurant, which uses cooking methods of different nations of the world. This kind of restaurants often serves customers with diverse sorts of foods that have resemblance of any specific nation or region. However, establishing such business requires a considerable amount of investments. This particular business will require funds for various purposes including equipment and vehicles, marketing, land purchase, purchase of machinery, setting up of infrastructure and startup capital among others. These aspects are mandatorily required to set up multi-cuisine restaurant in any part of the UK. Hence, the need for investors is quite apparent in this particular business. It is known that investors are the people who invest their money in any business and earn profit for the same in return. For this particular business, funds will mainly be acquired from sources preferably the financial institutions of the UK. Funds will be acquired from these institutions against the payment of interest at a particular rate. It can be affirmed that acquiring funds is not only the sole step in setting up investment plans for the business rather financial planning is also considered to be important. Observably, financial planning is a set of financial goals and objectives of any business on which the profitability or the stability of the entire business is dependent.

Team mission statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team mission statement - Essay Example The author concludes by saying that â€Å"the mission statement affirms the company’s commitment to responsible action.† Site Relevance. This site provides the knowledge essential in making a good mission statement. In order to formulate one, each of the members of the group what exactly is a mission statement and why it needs to be established. Understanding what comprises a good mission statement is a prerequisite in having one. This site has given me an adequate knowledge on how companies come up with their mission statements which can also be applied in our virtual team. Site Summary. In her article entitled Virtual Teams Need Human Touch, Jane Hawkrigg identifies the challenges commonly faced by virtual teams together with the specific strategies which should be employed in order to maximize the productivity of virtual teams. The author stresses that virtual teams harnesses the diverse talents and potentials of each member which are geographically separated. The following are the identified best practices for virtual teaming as identified by a global research group: virtual teams need special leadership; trust is essential; team building pays off; don’t abandon face to face meetings; performance in consistency; and the use of technology to maximize performance. Site Relevance. This site has been primarily important in giving me an understanding of how to maximize the potentials of our team-members. In order to create a mission statement, these guidelines are important because they are the factors which should be considered for the virtual team to succeed. It should be noted that as a virtual team is different from a typical one, special considerations should be prioritized. Since the mission statement defines the team and its goals, these identified best practices should be emphasized on the

Case study of patient care in radiography

Case study of patient care in radiography This investigation will consider the needs of a 24-year-old female patient who has been referred for an abdominal X-ray. The patient arrived from the emergency department on a trolley with suspected perforation. She appears to be in a lot of pain, is on oxygen and has been vomiting. She speaks Bengali with little English. She is accompanied by a nurse and her older brother who speaks English. This report aims to identify needs and requirements to form the most suitable plan of care for the patient, whilst in the radiography department. The following objectives will be taken into consideration; the needs of the patient, legal requirements and the role as a healthcare professional. Areas that will be considered in this investigation are communication, consent, patient dignity, health and safety, patient management and inter-professional collaboration. Patients beliefs, ethical issues and confidentiality need to be taken into account when planning patient care, as care needs to be tailo red for each individual person who uses hospital services. In this investigation all the issues mentioned will be addressed and a care plan will be made for this patient. Communication: Communication is vital with patients as the procedure needs to be explained and understood before the patient gives consent. The 3-point-check, checking the patients name, date of birth and address could help show how much English the patient understands as well as identifying the patient. Last menstrual period also needs to be checked before an x-ray as it could damage the growth of a foetus. The nurse may have already performed a pregnancy test or made arrangements for communication as the patient speaks little English. Communication with the patients brother could also be beneficial as he speaks English and could be used as an interpreter if no professional interpreter is available. Interpreters can also be used to convey non-verbal communication such as body movements and gestures. It is normally preferred that relatives are not used as interpreters due the unknown reliability of translation (Fraser and Cooper, 2009). Consent from the patient is required for anyone to be present in the room. In 2004 the British Red Cross and Department of Health issued multilingual phrasebooks to every UK hospital, which covers 36 languages, including Bengali. The intention was to provide translations of common medical terms and questions that can be used for basic communication with patients. Another issue, which could effect communication, is that the patient is nervous, in pain, on oxygen and is vomiting. This could make it difficult for the patient to talk and cause misunderstanding about what is being said. To ease this the patient will need to be kept calm and comfortable by using simple language to explain the procedure and respecting the patients individual beliefs and needs (Department of Health, 2003). Patient Dignity: Patient dignity is an important part of health care. This includes patient privacy and patients religious, social and ethical beliefs. Privacy can be maintained by providing private areas the patient to undress and discuss treatment. This may not be necessary for this patient as she may already be in a gown or could be unable to undress herself. Once communication with the patient has been organised, her beliefs need to be made clear as it may make a difference to the way that care is provided. The main religious beliefs that may have an effect in a radiography department are a requirement to be treated by a radiographer of the same sex and prohibition to undress in company of others (Department of Health, 2009). For an abdominal X-ray, any material, like metal, which may affect the image, will need to be removed from the area. This may not be appropriate for the patient. Issues with the sex of radiographers can be overcome if other staffs are available. In circumstances where an ima ge cannot be taken due to patients needs and requirements, the patient must be informed of the risks involved and be offered other forms of treatment. As researched by Field and Smith (2008) it may not be appropriate for the brother to be with the patient. The patients dignity may be lost if information about delicate issues, such as last menstrual period (LMP), is known by family members. Consent: Before the abdomen x-ray can be taken the patients consent is needed. Consent is also needed for the patients brother or an interpreter to be in the room and for the radiographer to touch the patient for positioning. For consent to be valid the patient has to be correctly informed and must have the capacity to give consent for the procedure in question (Department of Health, 2009). The patient must not be influenced or pressured into either giving consent or not giving consent. Being pressured or influenced can come from healthcare professionals, family members or friends. This is why the patients brother is an unreliable source for translation as he could give false translations if he doesnt agree with the female patients decision. In this case it will be vitally important that good communication is made, as the patient may not understand what is said because she speaks little English. The level of understanding may be impaired due to the patient being nervous, vomiting and on oxyge n. Due to this it may not be possible to gain written consent so other forms of consent can be used. Consent can be written or verbal. Written consent is normally preferred as it can be used as evidence if necessary. Informed consent is signalled by the actions and behaviour of an informed patient (Department of Health, 2009). For example if the patient positively responds to requests then it can count as consent. The nurse who has accompanied the patient to the radiography department could be a witness to verbal or informed consent. Health and Safety: Health and safety is essential in the NHS. This includes health and safety of workers, patients, visitors and anyone who enters the hospital. As the female patient has suspected perforation, is on oxygen and has been vomiting, it is likely that she is a trauma patient. Anger or aggression is a common way to react to trauma. The communication barriers could worsen this. Anger is a reaction to fear and uncertainty and if not controlled can cause danger to workers and carers in the hospital (Easton, 2009). Control methods include talking to the patient, making sure that she understands what is happening and considering body language, as this could worry the patient or the patients brother. Also as the patient is on oxygen and has been vomiting its necessary to ensure that the oxygen tank is functional throughout the procedure and that back-up supplies are available if needed. The patient has been transferred on a trolley so will need to be moved to the table for the abdomen x-ray. As th e patient may not be able to move herself, a team of trained staff will be required for manual handling to move the patient. The movement can be done in many ways including log rolling and the use of a slip mat. The team should include about 6 members of staff to ensure that no injury is caused to the staff; i.e. back injury, and to ensure that the patient is supported well. Health and safety standards should be maintained at all times. Patient Management: The patient will need to be monitored at all times through the x-ray procedure as any changes in her condition could be life threatening. She has suspect perforation. As defined by Oxford (2010), perforation is the creation of a hole in an organ, a tissue or a tube inside the body. A disease, allowing the contents of the intestine to penetrate the peritoneal cavity, can cause this. Basic observation that need to be made while in an x-ray department are pulse, respiration and temperature, as these are easy observations which can be the first signs of changing conditions. The patient is also in a lot of pain. Pain can be assessed by talking to the patient and by watching the way the patient behaves. (Field and Smith, 2008). As the patient has come with a nurse from another hospital department she may have been given pain management such as morphine or paracetamol, and the radiographer should ask the nurse this when the patient first arrives. Other methods of pain management, which incl ude no drugs and can be easily implemented in an x-ray department, include keeping the patient calm, relaxed and distracting the patient from the pain. This can be done by talking to the patient, either with or without the use of an interpreter depending on the needs. If the patients condition worsened when in the radiography department the scan may not be possible and emergency action may be necessary. This would involve calling in emergency nurses and doctors to help. The patient would need to be transferred to the relevant part of the hospital for care. Inter-professional Collaboration: Inter-professional collaboration is an essential component in healthcare. The College of Nurses of Ontario (2008) believe it means working together with other members of the healthcare team who each make an individual contribution to achieving a common goal or purpose. A number of professions have already been included in the care of the female patient; the nurse who is accompanying her, the doctor who referred her to the x-ray department, porters and possibly many more such as paramedics and triage nurses. The radiographer will need to work with the nurse and the brother to help the patient and possibly with an interpreter to help with translations and communicating with the patient. The referral card will have a doctors name and signature, which needs to be checked before the x-ray can be taken. This requires inter-professional collaboration as only certain qualified staff can refer patients to the x-ray department. As the patient is on a trolley and in pain she may not be able to move herself onto the x-ray table. Extra staff will then be required to help with manual handling when moving the patient from the trolley to the table. Porters will be needed to transport the patient after the x-ray has been taken. The x-ray image will need to be sent to colleagues who can then make a plan of care. If surgery is needed then information will need to be supplied to them. Inter-professional collaboration makes healthcare efficient and as radiographers work with every department in a hospital, it is vital that inter-professional collaboration is enforced. Conclusion: In summary, it is not only a radiographers duty to take x-ray images of every patient who walks into the department, but also to ensure that their experience is beneficial and satisfactory to their needs. This can take many forms as with the female patient, who speaks little English, her needs required special measurements for communication with possible use of an interpreter, pain control, other forms of consent and precautions about giving details to the patients brother. She also requires care as she is wearing an oxygen mask. For this patient, all of her needs and beliefs have to be taken into account, but still whilst working within the law. The radiographer is also obliged to make sure that each patient will be receive the correct care after their visit to the radiography department. For example, information needs to be passed on to relevant professions after the female patients abdomen scan is taken. The patient should be able to leave the radiography department feeling that s he was welcome in the department and knowing that the hospital staff all cared about her well being. This type of care, which has been tailored to suit the patients needs, is not just for patients who cannot speak English or patients who are in pain. Each patient that comes in for a scan needs to be treated individually as everyone has preferences and it is the job of the radiographer to guarantee patient satisfaction on both a healthcare and social level. The patient should always be the priority to anyone in healthcare.

What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? :: Ancient Greece Greek History

What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? Hypothesis: Sparta collapsed because they did not allow the helots to fight in battle The Beginning of Sparta In about 100 BCE, the Dorians invaded Greece from the North. During the Dark Ages, the Dorians made their way south, capturing the inhabitants of the lands they passed through as helots. At the beginning of the Dark Ages, it is thought that there were many Dorian settlements in Laconia, each with their own helot population. At some time during the Dark Ages, Sparta overtook these fellow Dorian settlements and their helot populations, as well as control of the whole of Laconia. The Spartans kept the helots as a huge, strong slave race and, although they did not enslave their fellow Dorians, the other Dorians were made perioci, meaning "those who live round about". The perioci were needed to be the craftsmen, tradesmen and manufacturers for the Spartans, who were trained as full time soldiers. At the end of the Dark Ages, there was nothing exceptional about Sparta (except her control of the helot population) but from about the middle of the 6th Century BCE, Sparta gradually turned away from the rest of Greece. They no longer welcomed visitors, cut their trade ties, stopped building ships and when the rest of Greece began using coins instead of iron spits, Sparta continued to use the spits. Sparta still had poetry and music, but instead of listening to new poems and songs, they learned only the compositions of the past, and new poets and musicians were not welcomed. Sparta still produced pottery and metal work for every-day use, but it was of poorer quality than the work of other cities. Spartans no longer participated in athletic festivals in other parts of Greece and the whole city became secretive and withdrawn, refusing to communicate with the rest of Greece. Education The Spartans were raised and educated to be perfectly obedient and obey the state without question. Spartan education had no interest with literature, intellectual or academic activities and did Spartans were not taught subjects like mathematics, science or geography. Even as babies, Spartiates were treated harshly - they were made to eat whatever food they were given, left alone, left alone in the dark, and it is probable that no attention was paid to babies when they cried. A Spartan Boy's education as a soldier began when the boy was about 7 or 8 years old. What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? :: Ancient Greece Greek History What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? Hypothesis: Sparta collapsed because they did not allow the helots to fight in battle The Beginning of Sparta In about 100 BCE, the Dorians invaded Greece from the North. During the Dark Ages, the Dorians made their way south, capturing the inhabitants of the lands they passed through as helots. At the beginning of the Dark Ages, it is thought that there were many Dorian settlements in Laconia, each with their own helot population. At some time during the Dark Ages, Sparta overtook these fellow Dorian settlements and their helot populations, as well as control of the whole of Laconia. The Spartans kept the helots as a huge, strong slave race and, although they did not enslave their fellow Dorians, the other Dorians were made perioci, meaning "those who live round about". The perioci were needed to be the craftsmen, tradesmen and manufacturers for the Spartans, who were trained as full time soldiers. At the end of the Dark Ages, there was nothing exceptional about Sparta (except her control of the helot population) but from about the middle of the 6th Century BCE, Sparta gradually turned away from the rest of Greece. They no longer welcomed visitors, cut their trade ties, stopped building ships and when the rest of Greece began using coins instead of iron spits, Sparta continued to use the spits. Sparta still had poetry and music, but instead of listening to new poems and songs, they learned only the compositions of the past, and new poets and musicians were not welcomed. Sparta still produced pottery and metal work for every-day use, but it was of poorer quality than the work of other cities. Spartans no longer participated in athletic festivals in other parts of Greece and the whole city became secretive and withdrawn, refusing to communicate with the rest of Greece. Education The Spartans were raised and educated to be perfectly obedient and obey the state without question. Spartan education had no interest with literature, intellectual or academic activities and did Spartans were not taught subjects like mathematics, science or geography. Even as babies, Spartiates were treated harshly - they were made to eat whatever food they were given, left alone, left alone in the dark, and it is probable that no attention was paid to babies when they cried. A Spartan Boy's education as a soldier began when the boy was about 7 or 8 years old.

Abraham Maslow’s Motivation and Personality Theory Essay

Maslow felt as though conditioning theories did not adequately capture the complexity of human behaviour. Maslow therefore looked to determine what it is humans seek in life. After much theorizing, he concluded that we search for things that will fulfil our needs for survival, as well as our emotional happiness and self-satisfaction. He then went on to introduce his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper titled â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. Thus presenting the idea that human actions are directed towards goal achievement, believing that people have certain needs which must be met before they can go on to fulfil their potential. This could be through any given behaviour which could satisfy several functions at the same time; for instance, once you’ve acquired a hobby that you’re exceptionally good at, i.e. football, dance, etc. you begin to meet one’s needs for self-esteem and social interaction. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has often been represented in a hierarchical pyramid made up of five levels. The lowest levels of the pyramid represent the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. The needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasised the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve ones individual potential. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs, meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. It is important to satisfy the lower-level needs in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. He termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs. These are self-fulfillment needs and do not stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow as a person. There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: – Physiological Needs: These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. These needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. – Security Needs: These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Safety needs are what we need to feel protected against external influences, i.e. the desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, being secure and comfortable. – Social Needs: These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. These needs are considered to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does the involvement in social, community, or religious groups. – Esteem Needs: After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment . – Self-Actualization Needs: This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested in fulfilling their potential. Maslow’s theory is relatable in my work as a nanny. I am considered a primary caregiver for the children I care for along with their parents. It is my job to make sure all their basic needs such as food, water, sleep etc are met; these needs are called Physiological needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and are considered the most important. Once I, along with the parents meet these needs, we then continue on to the child’s need to feel safe and secure. The way in which we meet these needs is by providing consistent care to the child/children and for that care to  be given by the same few people i.e. parents, nanny, grandparents, and nursery. This allows the child/children to build a relationship with his/her primary caregivers whereby they trust them and feel safe with them. By being with the child for their first years, there is a bond that they develop through us meeting their needs and being a consistent figure in their life, they receive love and affection from those around them and this gives them a sense of belonging. As the child gets older I promote and encourage them to participate in activities that interest them such as dance or football, whereby they are building on their social skills by interacting with children of their age and who share similar interests. This is where we meet the social needs that Maslow states in his hierarchy. When I look at the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which he calls the ‘Esteem Needs’ I see this is based on how a child feels about themselves and also how they believe others see them. By meeting their social needs successfully the child/children will already have started to complete this level in their development because of the confidence and acceptance they have already achieved. This is where my encouragement and praise help the child/children in my care to recognise their achievements and this also helps to build their self-worth and self-esteem along with both mine and their parent’s recognition. All the previous levels lead up to us helping a child complete their final stage which Maslow calls ‘Self-Actualization’ however this level is where the child/young adult has to help themselves this could be achieved through a number of ways which could include continuing to further their education or going out into the world and finding a job but they will not be completely alone as they will have their parents and my support however by this stage I may no longer be with the family.

Primal Fear Essay

Primal Fear (1996) is a film adaptation of William Diehl’s novel; it is a story about an altar boy portrayed by Edward Norton who is allegedly accused with murder of a city archbishop. Richard Gere was the defense attorney who holds his case. Martin Vail (Gere) is a well-known defense attorney in Chicago who seizes the opportunity to represent Aaron Stampler (Norton), a young altar boy who is charged with the city’s archbishop’s murder, in order to get some exposure. Stampler was caught during a foot chase right after the archbishop’s killing with his clothes drenched in blood. Frances McDormand (Molly Arlington) is the psychologist who examined Stampler for the court. Stampler stated to be present at the time of the killing of the archbishop, although he declared that someone in the room do the killing whereas he had a blackout or as he says he had a â€Å"lost time†. In the beginning Vail was only interested in the publicity and media hype that the case will create in his career, but then as the story goes he is determined to prove that his client is really innocent and above suspicion. He also believed that every defendant ought to have an experienced defense just like him. As the story progresses, Vail happened to get hold of data about the influential community leaders, together with the District Attorney, undergone a real estate investment wherein they lost millions because of the Archbishop who discontinue to develop certain land property of the church. And as a result the archbishop constantly received death threats. Vail also discovered that the altar boys, including Stampler were sexually exploited by the archbishop. Together with his (Stampler) girlfriend, Linda, the archbishop told them to have sex while the latter filmed them. Vail presented this data, along with the video tape as evidence. He figured out that it would create a sympathetic and approving impression to the jury for Stampler and would help them to win the case. However, the trial does not progress agreeably for the defense, since there is substantial proof of evidence against Stampler. In addition, the people judgment considers him roughly without a doubt guilty. On one occasion Vail confronts Stampler and charge him of being a liar, Aaron breaks down and transforms into a new personality who identifies himself as â€Å"Roy. Different from the meek and modest Aaron, Roy is an aggressive individual. He admitted that he is the one who murdered the archbishop and hurls Vail against the wall, that wounded him. Subsequent to the incident, Aaron has no memory of it. The psychiatric specialist examining Aaron’s behavior believes he have a medical condition called multiple personality disorder. However, as they are by currently in the middle of the court case, they cannot change the appeal to not guilty by grounds of insanity. Therefore, Vail makes a decision to put up an argument at the hearing. When harshly cross-examined by the prosecutor, Janet Venable, who is an ex-girlfriend of Vail, Aaron becomes Roy and attacked at her, threatening to break her neck if anyone approaches him. Court marshals were able to calm Aaron down and returned him back to his cell. From what had happened, Aaron’s evident mental illness, which is now apparent to the jury, the judge dismisses the case and ordered that Aaron will be sent to a mental institution wherein he will remain under assessment, and to receive therapy for his illness then will possibly be released in due course. In the closing scene of the film, Vail went to see Aaron to inform him this information. Aaron remembers nothing of what occurred in the courtroom, experiencing once more â€Å"lost time. † After hearing the judge’s decision that he will probably be freed soon, Aaron embraced him with extreme gratefulness. Although, as Vail is on his way out of the cell, Aaron asks him to say to Ms. Venable that he hopes that her neck is okay, which is not what would Aaron be supposed to have remember and recall if he had â€Å"lost time. † When Vail took into account what Stampler had said, he questioned the boy about it. Stampler hesitant at first, begin to clapped his hand and congratulate his lawyer for discovering his secret. He then admits that he was only acting as an insane person right from the start. Aaron/Roy said that there never was an Aaron; he also added that Aaron was his invented persona, and that he is really Roy all along. Stampler further declared to have slaughtered the archbishop, and even Linda, his girlfriend. Taken aback and disappointed from what he heard Vail walks out of the cell room, with Roy nastily annoyed him from his chamber. The mental disorder that was acted upon by the actor Edward Norton/Aaron Stampler is called Dissociative Personality Disorder or DID. Formerly identified as the Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD, it is referred to as a mental disorder involving dissociation of the self wherein the self becomes divided into two or more distinct personalities each with their separate thoughts, characteristics and memories. As with the movie, Edward Norton possess a second character with whom he called Roy. Alternation of control by the personalities can also be seen in a MPD person. It is when a bodily control and access to consciousness switches between the personalities, although some may be more dominant than others and thus spend more time in control. In the movie Roy is the dominant personality of Aaron. The identities or personality state, sometimes called alters, self-states, alter identities, or parts, among other terms, differ from one another in that each presents as having its own individuality proportional to the continuing pattern of perception, connecting to, and view about the surroundings and identity. Amnesia and unconscious barriers between personalities are also apparent. There may be a mutual or one-way lack of conscious awareness and memory access between personalities. Some may experience ‘blackouts’ or lost time when others take control, some can be directly aware of other personalities’ existence, thoughts and memories. In the case of Aaron, he said to his lawyer, Richard Gere/Martin Vail that he was there when the bishop was killed but then he wasn’t able to see the killer because he blacked out and was lost in time. Clinical manifestations of DID can be perplexing and harrowing for a therapist. Switching of personalities may produce diverse physical appearances such as strikingly different facial expressions; permutations in posture and body language, change in handedness, different hair styles, and reversals in out-ward gender presentation, significant weight gain or loss over short periods of time, and voice changes. Alternate personalities may demonstrate the behaviors that manifest their perceptions of themselves. They may speak in different accents and even different languages; their handwriting may be different; some may be creative in different arts, others not at all; and some may be male, others female in their self-perceptions, life histories and dress. In Aaron’s case while he was being harshly crossed-examined by the prosecutor Janet Venable/Laura Linney, Roy was able to come out into his personality. His behavior changed from being a meek person into an aggressive individual one. His tone of voice was loud and angry rather than modest and reserved as what Aaron is. To diagnose a person with a dissociative personality the DSM-IV-TR are used by therapists in order for them to identify if the person really suffers the said mental illness. There should be an existence of two or more distinctive characteristics or personalities; there is also should be at least two of these personalities periodically are in charge of the person’s behavior. As well as, the inability to remember personal information that cannot be accounted for ordinary forgetfulness and the disturbance is not a cause of physiological results of a substance such as the alcoholic beverages (Kluft & Fine, 1993). Clinical studies report female to male ratios between 5:1 and 9:1 for diagnosed cases. Etiology of this mental illness is strongly linked to severe experiences of early childhood trauma, usually maltreatment and abuses and about 85 to 97 percent of cases are the reported rates of severe childhood trauma. Physical and sexual abuses are the most frequently reported sources of childhood trauma. In the film, Aaron was sexually abused by the bishop, and he also experienced physical abuses from his father when he was young, which may have been the cause why an alter personality of Roy emerge in time when the bishop was killed. It was further described that dissociation as an unconscious defense mechanism in which a group of mental activities split off from the main stream of consciousness and function as a separate unit. The purpose of dissociation as what Aaron and Roy did in the film is to take memory or emotion that is associated with a trauma. It is a creative way of keeping the unacceptable out of the picture, it is to keep the secrets and constantly learn to get used to the environment, a lifesaving defense. It also maintains the attachment to the abuser and permit strong, sometimes contradicting, emotions to be kept in separate compartments of the mentality. Many said that DID could be faked, they claimed it is only the way a person will make in order for him to avoid responsibilities and stress. Evidences stated that some criminal offenders used this mental illness as their defense in order to escape the verdict that the law will give to them, as what Aaron said to Vail. However, a number of studies shown that DID cannot be faked. Wherein, the changes in Aaron to Roy’s persona is hard to act as what S. D. Miller concluded in his study that optical changes, including measures of visual perception, apparent refraction, and eye muscle stability which are unconsciously differ when an alter emerge are hard to fake. Nowadays, up-to-date EEG and MRI can also be used because it shows the changes in brain function when one personality switches into another. A number of subsequent studies confirm that various alters have unique psychophysiological profiles. Various treatments are now used to cure DID such as Psychotherapy, Cognitive Therapy, Hypnosis, Psychopharmacological Interventions Other therapies are Electroconvulsive Therapy, Group Therapy, and Family Therapy.

Lowering Drinking Age to 18 essays

Lowering Drinking Age to 18 essays In 1920 eighteenth amendment was passed which is generally referred to as prohibition. In essence it prohibited drinking or manufacturing alcoholic beverages. Supporters of prohibition thought that it would bring stop to social problems associated with alcohol consumption. Soon it became clear that prohibition was a failure, it achieved nothing, since drinking was still rampant. It created many other problems like the growth of organized crime, increased disrespect for law, unregulated and dangerous beverages, increased violence, the loss of tax revenue, corruption of law enforcement and other public officials, increases in binge drinking, and many other serious problems.. It was repealed in 1933. In 1984 MADD (Mothers Against Drinking and Driving) have succefully changed public opinion and raised the drinking age to 21. That is how we got here today. There are a lot of different opinions on what the drinking age should be however there are 2 radical opinions that push the legislators. The first is that there shouldnt be a drinking age. The other one is that alcohol as a whole should be outlawed. Those represent the radical left and right of the spectrum. The more common views are that drinking age should be lowered to 18 or it should stay at 21 and possibly raised. The conflict is the same old believe that remains rampant ever since prohibition. Alcohol is the cause of all the social problems. Which can be traced to ignorance, it is alcohol abuse not alcohol itself that cause a lot of social problems. Also another theme is added, young people are not mature, and therefore they cant be trusted with a substance such as alcohol. This brings in light another issue, as old as humans themselves. An aging population doesnt understand they young generation. To illustrate just how ancient is this problem let me quote a inscription found at grave of pharaoh that died in 3500 B.C. : You...

Paraphrase, Summary and Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paraphrase, Summary and Quotation - Essay Example It was defined by African Americans and given the name Lindy, Jitterbug, or swing. Most of World War II soldiers hailed from the city or the big towns in America by that time. Most rural areas did not have good educational systems and so the minimum requirements in educational cut the rural people. During that time, there were little interactions with other tribes, which prevented learning of other languages other than English. Prior knowledge on shooting did not add value to persons who wanted to join the troops. After joining the army, a soldier received a through shave and given uniforms called combats to keep neat like other soldiers. Additionally, new soldiers received a vaccine to protect them form diseases, viruses, and boost their immunity. The reason behind this is that a soldier’s work involved moving across regions with disease causing pathogens. Life of a Soldier in the World War II proved hard. First, the soldier underwent tough training to keep fit called â€Å"fatigues.† Secondly, World War II soldiers received training on different co mmands by harsh superiors who appeared prone to hardship. The passage records the life of an American soldier who qualified to fight in the World War II. He had distinct characteristics from the soldier of the World War I and spoke English. To qualify, one needed high school education, driving licence among other qualifications. Soldiers received special training after the selection process under a harsh commander. To become a soldier in the World War II, a soldier had to pass various requirements. According to Sulzberger, â€Å"When he went off to serve his country, he had had some high school education; he knew how to drive a car, how to swim, how to do the Jitterbug or The Big Apple or the Lindy† (Sulzberger 125). Other qualifications included ability to speak in English and he needed not have

Nonprofit Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nonprofit Analysis - Essay Example The organization recruits kindhearted people who can volunteer to help the disabled in the society. Because of this, the heart has become an essential logo for the organization. Minis and Friends invite donations from different people regardless of their age or livelihood. The organization uses the donations to provide for the needy. Museum of Indian Culture Museum of Indian Culture is a nonprofit organization that focuses on education and the preservation of culture. This organization perpetuates the history of the Indian culture and enables Indians to reflect on their origin. It also aims to bring different people together regardless of their cultural differences. The organization also recognizes other American Indian tribes and aims at uniting them with the other Indians (Worth, 2012). The Museum offers educational guidance to Indians across the world. It organizes special events that seek to recognize the Indian culture. The Museum appoints different Indians to offer educational guidance to other Indians to create awareness. The appointment of Indians to help with educational guidance has promoted interactions between Indians. This has encouraged people to ignore their cultural differences and relate to each other as colleagues. ... The organization has a vision of ensuring that homeless families do not live in the streets. The organization seeks to achieve this Christian principle and vision in all countries across the world (Worth, 2012). It has a goal of building houses for different homeless families across the United States. It has focused on this goal because many families are not able to afford better housing. Because of this, Morris Habitat for Humanity has collaborated with the housing ministry in the United States to build new housing for families. It uses the funds and donations received to build houses for families. The organization builds houses for families irrespective of their religion and race. Its central goal is to encourage the provision of good housing facilities. Florence Crittenton Services Florence Crittenton Service's central intention is to assist parents with their parental responsibility. This Christian nonprofit organization assists parents in raising healthy families. The organizati on provides guidance to parents with an aim of raising successful families. Other than helping parents, Florence Crittenton Services help different families to interact with the community (Worth, 2012). The interaction between families and communities promotes peaceful coexistence. The organization also seeks to promote a healthy bond between living families. It is based upon Christian values and principles because of its family vision. The goal of the organization is to empower teenagers to live a drug free life. It promotes this goal through collaborations with the teenager’s parents. This Christian organization helps in bringing up self-sufficient families that play a role in community building. It also helps teenagers to evade the sexual